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7.3 Harvesting Systems and Methods
Authors: Rien VisserPublication: NZIF Forestry Handbook, Volume Section 7 – Harvesting, pp 3, Dec 2023
Publisher: New Zealand Institute of Forestry
Abstract: Trees are large and heavy and for cost-effective harvesting the system must be able to handle them quickly, efficiently, and safely. Prior to mechanisation (which refers to the use of machinery), trees were felled using either axes or crosscut saws and the processed logs were brought to the mill using a combination of gravity, animal and water power. Some great old video footage is readily found on the internet (i.e. From Stump to Ship). Chainsaws were first developed in the 1930’s and during the 1950’s tractors (bull-dozers) were starting to be commonly used for timber extraction. Over time, more purpose built equipment was designed and constructed, and loggers today can choose from a wide range of equipment. To choose the right harvest system for a particular forest we need to match the equipment to the stand and the terrain conditions. For simplicity, it is possible to break down the timber harvesting into four practical steps: Felling, Extraction, Processing and Loading Out. A number of options are typically available to complete each step of the harvesting process and it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each option. It is impossible to describe and discuss all the various machines and systems that have been used in the harvesting process, there have been too many! There are always new and exciting ideas being tried out to improve the harvesting process. The system chosen should ensure that: it is physically feasible to carry out the operation, it is both safe for the people involved and low impact on the environment, and it is cost effective.